What is Human Gene Therapy

Human gene therapy is a scientific method, a part of the nucleotide sequence or gene into a single cell for treatment of diseases. The most important principle of gene therapy is the return to normal functioning of cells and tissues by replacing abnormal or mutant genes. In simple terms, it is a method to correct defective genes. There are several ways to implement gene therapy a normal gene into the genome to replace a defective gene and a change in the regulation of gene expression. Another method of gene therapy, it is selective reverse mutation, so that the defective gene from its original form.

In most cases of human gene therapy a normal gene is inserted using a therapeutic vector or a carrier molecule. As its name suggests, the vehicle for the implementation of the normal gene on the target cell. Since the vector containing the therapeutic gene into the target cell (eg, liver cells), the gene therapy is beginning to produce functional proteins to restore normal function of target cells. While the Carrier or vector of the molecule, the different types of viruses such as retroviruses and adenoviruses are responsible for the end. Before using any of these viruses as vectors, the genome is contained by the elimination of disease genes and replaces it with the gene therapy.

Advantages and disadvantages of Human Gene Therapy

There are many possible side effects of using viruses as vectors, which are also some problems but, the inflammatory reaction of the immune system at the time, toxicity. A new technique for human gene therapy is the normal gene into the target cell without vectors. Although this method seems quite easy, it is not for all types of target cells. Another disadvantage of this method is that there is a large amount of DNA.

A major drawback of gene therapy is effective therapy in the short term after the introduction of gene into the target cell. It is from the cells in the body, which prevents the notion of therapeutic genes. After the insertion of foreign gene therapeutic target in the cell, it is necessary for the regulation of the self-reactions of the body. Human gene therapy is less effective for problems Multigenfamilien (presence of many defective genes).

Although the technology of human gene therapy is not as advanced in this case, it already has the scope of medical science. Like all genetic disorders, and most chronic diseases with the disorder of genes, gene therapy is a promising technique for the treatment of these serious health conditions. Genetic tests on the basis of human gene therapy are underway, options for treatment of chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer, cystic fibrosis and AIDS. Today, private grants and public subsidies, to the promotion of research on human gene therapy.

Autosomal DNA testing
There are three types of tests, which are used to provide information about his parentage –

* Mt or mitochondrial DNA (maternal line)
* Y Chromosome (Paternal Line)
* Autosomal DNA (joint)

The human body is composed of 23 pairs of chromosomes, DNA structures in cells. Of these, 22 are pairs of non-sex chromosomes in the nucleus. The last couple may be an X or a Y chromosome, or a combination of both determines whether the main characteristics are inherited from the mother or father. The other 22 chromosomes are linked to the physical characteristics of a person’s hair, eye color or height. Genetics of a person is determined by a comprehensive analysis of all chromosomes. It is an idea of all the characteristics of an individual, by the parents. Autosomal DNA tests are not the sex of the family of the line concerned. Therefore, it is easier to verify nuclear relations with members of the family as a grandmother, brother or sister.

Applications Autosomal DNA test
Paternity testing is the area where autosomal testing large-scale application. The extended family is also monitored by these tests. The FBI crime database solution contains 14 markers of the implementation of these autosomal tests. This “CODIS” are markers for the crimes in the detection of DNA fingerprints and paternity tests. Mapping biogeographical affiliation is another area of human genetics, where autosomal DNA testing is used. The geographical distribution of the assets of an individual can be determined on the basis of this review. The application of this test is limited because of an error chances are high, even if a rough idea of the family responsible for the examination. The cost of implementing a test basis, autosomal anywhere between $ 200 to $ 300 This test classification percentage in European Americans, sub-Saharan Africa East Asia or genes in a person . The specification of the region can be exactly the territory that we pay more money, but the authenticity can not be guaranteed.

Constraints
The limits of the autosomal DNA test

* You can return early for a few generations, although research to improve its scope is made.
* In the case of brothers and sisters, we can inherit the genetic component is more than the others, for the same parents. For example, a boy of 40% in May inherit African genetic form of her mother and that his sister, he can only 20% of the same mother. Therefore, from the origin can not be established with certainty.
* Fade Autosomal DNA tests in the authenticity of the lineage further, because the DNA that is diluted with each generation. It may, with the mitochondrial or Y chromosome testing with a higher degree of reliability.

It is true that the current state of DNA research is controversial, there is hope that in the future, autosomal tests, we in the depths of the human lineage.